ThreadPoolExecutor参数说明:
/** * Creates a new {@code ThreadPoolExecutor} with the given initial * parameters. * * @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool, even * if they are idle, unless {@code allowCoreThreadTimeOut} is set * @param maximumPoolSize the maximum number of threads to allow in the * pool * @param keepAliveTime when the number of threads is greater than * the core, this is the maximum time that excess idle threads * will wait for new tasks before terminating. * @param unit the time unit for the {@code keepAliveTime} argument * @param workQueue the queue to use for holding tasks before they are * executed. This queue will hold only the {@code Runnable} * tasks submitted by the {@code execute} method. * @param threadFactory the factory to use when the executor * creates a new thread * @param handler the handler to use when execution is blocked * because the thread bounds and queue capacities are reached * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the following holds:<br> * {@code corePoolSize < 0}<br> * {@code keepAliveTime < 0}<br> * {@code maximumPoolSize <= 0}<br> * {@code maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize} * @throws NullPointerException if {@code workQueue} * or {@code threadFactory} or {@code handler} is null */ public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, ThreadFactory threadFactory, RejectedExecutionHandler handler) { if (corePoolSize < 0 || maximumPoolSize <= 0 || maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize || keepAliveTime < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException(); if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null) throw new NullPointerException(); this.acc = System.getSecurityManager() == null ? null : AccessController.getContext(); this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize; this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize; this.workQueue = workQueue; this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime); this.threadFactory = threadFactory; this.handler = handler; }
ThreadPoolExecutor参数说明: 1、corePoolSize:核心线程数 * 核心线程会一直存活,即使没有任务需要执行 * 当线程数小于核心线程数时,即使有线程空闲,线程池也会优先创建新线程处理 * 设置allowCoreThreadTimeout=true(默认false)时,核心线程会超时关闭 2、queueCapacity:任务队列容量(阻塞队列) * 当核心线程数达到最大时,新任务会放在队列中排队等待执行 3、maxPoolSize:最大线程数 * 当线程数>=corePoolSize,且任务队列已满时。线程池会创建新线程来处理任务 * 当线程数=maxPoolSize,且任务队列已满时,线程池会拒绝处理任务而抛出异常 4、 keepAliveTime:线程空闲时间 * 当线程空闲时间达到keepAliveTime时,线程会退出,直到线程数量=corePoolSize * 如果allowCoreThreadTimeout=true,则会直到线程数量=0 5、allowCoreThreadTimeout:允许核心线程超时 6、rejectedExecutionHandler:任务拒绝处理器 * 两种情况会拒绝处理任务: - 当线程数已经达到maxPoolSize,切队列已满,会拒绝新任务 - 当线程池被调用shutdown()后,会等待线程池里的任务执行完毕,再shutdown。如果在调用shutdown()和线程池真正shutdown之间提交任务,会拒绝新任务 * 线程池会调用rejectedExecutionHandler来处理这个任务。如果没有设置默认是AbortPolicy,会抛出异常 * ThreadPoolExecutor类有几个内部实现类来处理这类情况: - AbortPolicy 丢弃任务,抛运行时异常 - CallerRunsPolicy 执行任务 - DiscardPolicy 忽视,什么都不会发生 - DiscardOldestPolicy 从队列中踢出最先进入队列(最后一个执行)的任务 * 实现RejectedExecutionHandler接口,可自定义处理器
ThreadPoolExecutor执行顺序
线程池按以下行为执行任务
1. 当线程数小于核心线程数时,创建线程。
2. 当线程数大于等于核心线程数,且任务队列未满时,将任务放入任务队列。
3. 当线程数大于等于核心线程数,且任务队列已满
-1 若线程数小于最大线程数,创建线程
-2 若线程数等于最大线程数,抛出异常,拒绝任务
ThreadPoolExecutor如何设置参数
1、默认值
* corePoolSize=1
* queueCapacity=Integer.MAX_VALUE
* maxPoolSize=Integer.MAX_VALUE
* keepAliveTime=60s
* allowCoreThreadTimeout=false
* rejectedExecutionHandler=AbortPolicy()
2、如何来设置
* 需要根据几个值来决定
– tasks :每秒的任务数,假设为1000
– taskcost:每个任务花费时间,假设为0.1s
– responsetime:系统允许容忍的最大响应时间,假设为1s
* 做几个计算
– corePoolSize = 每秒需要多少个线程处理?
* 一颗CPU核心同一时刻只能执行一个线程,然后操作系统切换上下文,核心开始执行另一个线程的代码,以此类推,超过cpu核心数,就会放入队列,如果队列也满了,就另起一个新的线程执行,所有推荐:corePoolSize = ((cpu核心数 * 2) + 有效磁盘数),java可以使用Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()获取cpu核心数
– queueCapacity = (coreSizePool/taskcost)*responsetime
* 计算可得 queueCapacity = corePoolSize/0.1*1。意思是队列里的线程可以等待1s,超过了的需要新开线程来执行
* 切记不能设置为Integer.MAX_VALUE,这样队列会很大,线程数只会保持在corePoolSize大小,当任务陡增时,不能新开线程来执行,响应时间会随之陡增。
– maxPoolSize = (max(tasks)- queueCapacity)/(1/taskcost)
* 计算可得 maxPoolSize = (1000-corePoolSize)/10,即(每秒并发数-corePoolSize大小) / 10
* (最大任务数-队列容量)/每个线程每秒处理能力 = 最大线程数
– rejectedExecutionHandler:根据具体情况来决定,任务不重要可丢弃,任务重要则要利用一些缓冲机制来处理
– keepAliveTime和allowCoreThreadTimeout采用默认通常能满足
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